The relationship between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Somaliland

The relationship between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Somaliland is multifaceted, involving economic, strategic, and political dimensions. Below is a detailed analysis of their relations, including discussions about Gaza and Ethiopian interests:

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UAE-Somaliland Relations: Key Aspects

1. Economic and Strategic Investments:

• The UAE has made significant investments in Somaliland, particularly in infrastructure and trade. A notable example is the development of the Berbera Port, managed by UAE-based DP World, which aims to transform the port into a major trade hub in the Horn of Africa. This project includes the establishment of a free trade zone and a military base, enhancing Somaliland’s strategic importance .
• The UAE’s involvement in Somaliland aligns with its broader strategy to secure maritime routes, particularly the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, which is critical for global trade and energy shipments .

1. Military and Security Cooperation:

• The UAE has established a military base in Somaliland, primarily to combat piracy and terrorism, and to secure its interests in the Red Sea region. This base also supports the UAE’s efforts in the Saudi-led coalition against Houthi rebels in Yemen .
• Somaliland has benefited from UAE training and support for its security forces, which has strengthened its internal stability .

1. Political and Diplomatic Engagement:

• While Somaliland declared independence from Somalia in 1991, it remains unrecognized internationally. The UAE has not formally recognized Somaliland but has maintained strong ties, often bypassing the Somali federal government in Mogadishu. This has caused tensions with Somalia, which views UAE actions as undermining its sovereignty .
• The UAE has supported Somaliland’s efforts to gain international recognition, particularly through its investments and strategic partnerships .

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Gaza Relocation Proposal

• There have been reports, particularly from Israeli media, suggesting that the U.S. under President Donald Trump considered relocating Palestinians from Gaza to Somaliland and Puntland as part of a controversial plan. This proposal has sparked outrage and condemnation across the Arab world, as it is seen as a form of ethnic cleansing and a violation of Palestinian rights .
• Somaliland and Puntland authorities have not publicly commented on these reports, and there is no evidence that such a plan has been formally discussed or implemented. The proposal remains speculative and highly contentious .

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Ethiopian Interests in Somaliland

• Ethiopia, a landlocked country, has sought access to the Red Sea through Somaliland. In January 2024, Ethiopia signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Somaliland, granting it access to the Berbera Port and the potential establishment of a naval base. In return, Ethiopia promised to consider recognizing Somaliland’s independence, a move that has been strongly opposed by Somalia and the Arab League .
• The UAE has played a significant role in facilitating this agreement, given its investments in Somaliland and its strategic partnership with Ethiopia. The UAE’s involvement aligns with its broader goal of securing influence in the Horn of Africa and countering rival powers like Qatar and Turkey .

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UAE’s Broader Strategy in the Horn of Africa

• The UAE’s engagement in Somaliland is part of a larger strategy to expand its influence in the Horn of Africa, a region of strategic importance due to its proximity to the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. This includes countering Iranian influence, securing trade routes, and fostering economic partnerships .
• The UAE has also sought to balance its relations with Somalia and Somaliland, supporting Somalia’s territorial integrity publicly while continuing to invest in Somaliland’s development .

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Conclusion

The UAE’s relationship with Somaliland is driven by strategic, economic, and security interests, particularly in securing maritime routes and countering regional rivals. While there have been speculative reports about relocating Gaza’s population to Somaliland, no concrete steps have been taken. Meanwhile, Ethiopia’s interest in accessing the Red Sea through Somaliland has further complicated regional dynamics, with the UAE playing a mediating role. The UAE’s actions in Somaliland reflect its broader ambition to establish itself as a key player in the Horn of Africa, despite tensions with Somalia and other regional actors.